A critique of clinical economy: reassessing value and care during covid-19—an essay by Eric Reinhart and Daniel Brauner

For decades, American medical practice has been organised around billing codes, with severe consequences for patient care and physician morale. The interruption of routine clinic visits owing to covid-19 presents an opportunity to reconsider the guiding principles of clinical care, write Eric Reinhart and Daniel Brauner

The spatial concentration, stability, and specialization of mental health calls for service: Evidence in support of proactive, place-based interventions

For many decades the police have been the de facto responders to persons with perceived mental illness (PwPMI). However, having the police in this role has come with negative repercussions for PwPMI, such as disproportionately experiencing criminalization and use of force. In recognizing these issues, the police-and more recently, the community-have developed responses that either seek to improve interactions between the police and PwPMI or remove the police from this role altogether. However, in either case, these efforts are reactivein nature, responding to crises that arguably could have been prevented had a timelier intervention taken place. Further, evidence on certain police responses to PwPMI, such as Crisis Intervention Teams (CIT) and co-response teams, suggests that they endure deployment-related challenges, thus limiting their reach to PwPMI.Drawing from the Criminology of Place and existing place-based policing strategies, the present dissertation argues that efforts focused on respondingto PwPMI should instead be proactively deployed, targeting areas where interactions between police and PwPMI concentrate spatially. Doing so would not only result in efficient deployment of scarce resources but would permit police- and community-based efforts to have a greater reach to PwPMI and thus prevent future interactions with police. To-date, however, there have been few empirical and theoretical investigations into the spatial patterns of PwPMI calls for service that could inform such proactive, place-based efforts. Specifically, we do not currently understand: (1) the degree to which PwPMI calls for service concentrate within certain geographical contexts (such as a small city);(2) whether the degree of PwPMI call concentration and the location of these calls remain stable over time;and (3) what theoretical frameworks explain why PwPMI calls for service occur where they do. Drawing on seven years (2014-2020) of calls for service data from the Barrie Police Service and data from the 2016 Canadian Census, the present dissertation employs various methods of spatial analysis to fills these specific knowledge gaps.Although the theoretical investigation confirmed the findings of previous work that found no association between social disorganization theory and the spatial patterns of PwPMI calls for service, the present dissertation revealed: (1) PwPMI calls for service are highly concentrated within the context of a small city, even more so than what has previously been uncovered in larger jurisdictions;(2) the degree of PwPMI call concentration is stable over time, falling within a narrow proportional bandwidth of spatial units;and (3) PwPMI calls for service, and their concentrations, occur in the same places over time-even during the COVID-19 pandemic-and are thus spatially stable. As such, though more scholarship is needed on theories that might help explain why PwPMI calls occur where they do, the findings of the present dissertation strongly support the proactive, place-based deployment of resources to PwPMI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Features of the mental state of doctors of various specialties during the COVID-19 pandemic.

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the burden on healthcare professionals at all levels has increased significantly, especially those who are at the forefront of the fight for patients' lives. Physicians directly caring for COVID-19 patients are exposed to excessive stress and significant biological and psychosocial risk. Objective. To identify the features of the mental state of doctors of various specialties during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. The study included 85 doctors of the Arkhangelsk region: 41 anesthesiologists/intensive care physicians (mean age 32.4+/-5.0 years) and 44 general practitioners (mean age 38.9+/-4.2 years). The study was conducted during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (from May to June 2021). We used the following study methods: questionnaire, psychological testing (K. Maslach and S. Jackson Burnout Inventory (MBI), Beck's Depression Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, World Health Organisation-Five Well-Being Index), mathematical and statistical processing of empirical data. Results and discussion. Analysis of the results showed that about half of the surveyed general practitioners and only 3 (7.3%) of the anesthesiologists/intensive care physicians had a history of COVID-19, having contracted it while performing professional duties. Manifestations of maladaptation, such as low professional competence, lack of soft skills, aggressiveness, introversion, risktaking, recklessness, and family problems, are more pronounced in anesthesiologists/intensive care physicians. They were more likely to have negative emotions and feelings, were less satisfied with themselves and life in general, and had a lower well-being index than general practitioners. General practitioners overestimated their professional burnout severity and more often complained about their state of health. Correlation analysis of the examination results for anesthesiologists/intensive care physicians allowed us to identify direct relationships between the level of perceived stress, overstrain and depression, low mood, difficulties in relationships with relatives and colleagues, dissatisfaction with various aspects of life, inverse relationships between the level of perceived stress and the well-being index. In general practitioners, direct relationships were established between perceived stress and overexertion, and inverse relationships were established between the level of perceived stress, the well-being index, and the reduction of personal achievements. Conclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacts anesthesiologists/intensive care physicians more than general practitioners, causing negative emotions and maladaptation. In primary care physicians, the pandemic increases mobilization processes to address emerging professional challenges. Therefore, special attention should be paid to psychological support for anesthesiologists/intensive care physicians.Copyright © 2023, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved.

The Post-Pandemic CRO Landscape

None is inconsequential: advancing digital technology, globalization of clinical trials, changes in clinical trial design, the inflow of private equity dollars, fewer sponsors lost to mergers and acquisitions, more CROs, the costs of clinical trials, precision medicine, lack of available talent, and-an under the radar trend-the continuing challenges of chronic disease. A 2020 report called them a "primary factor" in the growth of global CRO services market.2 Casey McTigue, an executive director at SRS Acquiom, an M&A services firm, put it this way: "We have seen record setting volumes for M&A." Market attention In 2019, the life sciences recruiter Pr°Clinical considered the following CROs worthy of close attention from investors and pharma alike: PPD, Medpace, PRA Health Sciences, KCR, ICON, IQVIA, PSI, Parexel.3 Of the eight, three still stand alone;the rest have merged or been acquired. Combined, their network covers 2,800 hospitals, clinics and long-term care facilities, and 200 research and pharmaceutical companies, a press release says. Since the combined R&D outlay of the top pharma houses now hovers at the $100 billion-and that majority of trials have CRO involvement-even the math challenged can appreciate the CRO industry's losses, or gains, depending on the road chosen.6 But the CRO industry has already proved its resiliency. Despite changes in market conditions between 2008 and 2019, SRS Acquiom found that of the 227 private life sciences deals in which it was the shareholder representative, 163 had earnouts, the potential dollar figure more than $37 billion.

The impact of risk-taking and auditor characteristics on value creation in pre-Covid 19 and post-Covid 19 pandemic: MRN

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the impact of risk-taking and auditor characteristics on value creation in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In addition, it investigates the moderator role of auditor characteristics in the impact of risk-taking on value creation, especially in pre-Covid 19 and post-Covid 19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe information about 199 company in 2014–2021 was examined. In the present study, in accordance with the related theoretical literature and the importance of auditor specialization, auditor tenure and auditor reputation, these factors were considered as the auditor characteristics.FindingsThe present findings based on the generalized least squares (GLS) method showed that risk-taking positively affects the value creation. The auditor characteristics (auditor specialization, auditor tenure and auditor reputation) have a significant positive effect on the value creation. Furthermore, the auditor characteristics enhance the impact of risk-taking on value creation. The results of generalized method of moments method and robust regression analysis are consistent with the GLS results. To take into account the Covid-19 conditions, the data were divided into pre-Covid-19 and post-Covid-19 years. The results showed that auditor characteristics moderate the impact of risk-taking on value creation in pre-Covid 19 and post-Covid 19.Originality/valueThe study highlights the role of auditor characteristics in the value creation, especially in the emerging market. Given that Covid-19 has seriously damaged global economic well-being and has put companies at a double risk, the present findings can be useful for managers, investors and the international community, and help company managers make risk-taking policies and select auditors with appropriate characteristics.

[Perceptions of resident physicians on the development of the cardiology resident program during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lima, Peru]. / Percepciones de los médicos residentes sobre el desarrollo del programa de residentado de cardiología durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en Lima, Perú.

Objective: To describe the perceptions of resident doctors about the development of their training program during the pandemic in the city of Lima - Peru. Materials and methods: Through a cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was applied to seventy-eight cardiology residents in the last two years of training in the specialty. The perceptions about the accompaniment and support of the universities in the educational venues, for the development of the training program in cardiology during the pandemic, were evaluated. Results: Regarding the support provided for their training, the items evaluated showed shortcomings above 60%, where permanent supervision was lacking in 90.0% of the residents. Regarding compliance with the rotations, the residents only received supervision in 24.4%, observing that they did not manage to carry out adequate rotations in 80.8% of the cases. The courses of the curricular plan were adequately developed in 92.5% of the cases, and the actions for the health of the resident were very low, highlighting that only in 9.0% of the cases did the university inquire about the state of health of the resident. Conclusions: The development of the cardiology residency training program during the pandemic presented important shortcomings, showing that the deficiencies were accentuated compared to previous studies.

Impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 de enero a junio de 2020 en la formación académica de residentes en la Universidad de Antioquia

Objetivos: conocer el impacto de la pandemia del COVID-19 en la formación académica de residentes de especialidades médicas y quirúrgicas de la Universidad de Antioquia por medio de una encuesta en línea sobre la percepción de la situación durante los meses de enero a junio del 2020. Métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal a través de una encuesta difundida entre residentes de especialidades durante el aislamiento social. Resultados: la encuesta fue respondida por 156 residentes. El 47 % convive con personas consideradas de alto riesgo para COVID-19. Todos los residentes contaron con dispositivos electrónicos y buena conectividad para realizar las actividades en línea. El 30 % de los encuestados se ha sentido discriminado por ser personal del área de la salud. Se ha sentido satisfecho por su formación en aspectos teóricos el 81,4 % y en actividades prácticas el 55,1 %. El riesgo de contagio por COVID-19 es el aspecto con mayor impacto negativo, reportado por el 61 %. Los residentes se ausentaron de sus sitios de práctica en promedio 31 días. El 52 % participó en actividades de telesalud. La mayoría de los residentes (97,5 %) participó en actividades virtuales. Discusión: la pandemia del COVID-19 impactó significativamente los procesos formativos de los médicos residentes. La encuesta documenta una sensible disminución de las actividades asistenciales y el acceso a las actividades prácticas, con un evidente incremento de actividades por medio de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. La pandemia ha impulsado un proceso de adaptación en las instituciones educativas para cumplir con la planeación de las actividades programadas.Alternate : Objective: To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the academic development of residents in medical and surgical specialties at the University of Antioquia through an online survey. Methods: Observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study involving a survey distributed to medical residents. Results: The survey was completed by 156 residents. They all had electronic devices and the means necessary to carry out virtual activities. Almost half of the participants (47.4%) lived with people who were considered high-risk for COVID-19. Of those surveyed, 30.1% felt discriminated against for being healthcare workers. Even though 81.4% of participants were satisfied with the theoretical training, only 55.1% were satisfied with the practical training. The most detrimental impact was the risk of contracting COVID-19, which was reported by 61% of participants. On average, residents were absent for 31 days. Fifty two percent of residents participated in telehealth activities, and 97.5% participated in virtual activities. Discussion: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the training of residents. This study quantified a decrease of in-person educational activities including practical activities and an increase in virtual methods of education and communication. The pandemic has forced educational institutions to transform the way they teach in order to follow public health measures.

Odzivi socialnega dela na ukrepe za zajezitev epidemije covida-19 v domovih za stare ljudi

V prvem delu prispevka je prikazano, kako je epidemija covida-19 obudila ideje o razvoju socialnega dela s starimi ljudmi. Pogostejše kršitve človekovih pravic, povečevanje diskriminacije starih ljudi in iskanje odgovorov na vse hujše stiske ob socialni izolaciji starih ljudi so teme, ki kar kličejo po vzpostavitvi specializacije za socialno delo s starimi ljudmi. Razvoj specializiranega znanja pa koristi tudi razvoju socialnega dela v domovih za stare ljudi. Prikazane so nekatere ključne prakse za razvoj novih področij socialnega dela v domovih. V osrednjem delu prispevka je opisana raziskava s socialnimi delavkami slovenskih domov in predstavljeni so rezultati o vplivu epidemije na socialno delo. Prikazano je, kateri so ključni izzivi za socialno delo, kako socialno delo ohranja vlogo pri organizaciji oskrbe v domu in katere so najbolj žgoče etične dileme socialnega dela. Predstavljene so tako pomanjkljivosti kot prednosti socialnega dela, da bi obstoječa tveganja za socialno delo prepoznali kot priložnost za nadaljnji razvoj stroke.Alternate abstract:The first part of the article shows how the covid-19 epidemic revived ideas about the development of social work with old people. More frequent violations of human rights, increasing discrimination of old people, and searching for answers to the increasingly severe hardships of the social isolation of the old people - these are topics that call for the establishment of specialization for social work with old people. The development of specialized knowledge also benefits the development of social work in homes for old people. Some key practices for the development of new areas of social work in homes are shown. In the central part of the paper, research with social workers in Slovenian homes is described and the results of the epidemic's impact on social work are presented. The article presents the key challenges forsocial work, howsocial work maintains its role at organizing institutional care and what are the most pressing ethical dilemmas of social work. Both the shortcomings and advantages of social work are shown in order to recognize the existing risks for social work as an opportunity for further development of the profession.

The impact of global risks on supply chain performance. An empirical study on construction sector in the COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeThis paper aims to identify and assess global risks in the supply chain performance.Design/methodology/approachFirst, global risks are identified and classified according to three criteria: content, probability and context. A set of supply chain performance indicators are then defined by the theory of resource-based view and balanced scorecard. Structural equation modeling is adopted to access risks in the global supply chain.FindingsThis article contributes to the supply chain risk management literature by providing a detailed operationalization of global supply chain risk constructs, e.g. natural disasters, war and terrorism, fire accidents, economic and political instability, social and cultural grievances, decease. Empirical results reveal that the supply chain is predominantly regarded as being vulnerable as the proposed model of risks can explain up to 12.6% variance of supplier performance, 25.2% innovation and learning, 23% internal business, 40.6% customer service and 32.4% finance.Research limitations/implicationsThese risks are relevant contextual variables in strategic supply chain decisions. Supply chain managers should keep in mind acceptable cost/benefit tradeoffs in their firms' mitigation efforts associated with major contingency risks. This research advocates the allocation of scarce resources to adopt the supply chain strategies of avoidance, speculative and postponement.Originality/valueThe application of the strategic content/process/context to explain global supply chain performance is an interesting approach. Moreover, globalization trends and the COVID-19 perspectives are considered to be the main reasons for increasing such complex factors. Data on validating research models collected during the COVID-19 pandemic reflect the topicality of this study.

Some Social and Administrative Problems facing health cadres on receiving Corona-virus (COVID-19) Vaccine: Field Study in Vaccination Centers in Riyadh

The main objective of this study is to reveal the reality of social and administrative problems related to planning, organization, orientation and control, facing the health cadres during receiving Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccine in the centers concerned with vaccinations in Riyadh City. This study has used the social survey methodology with the comprehensive enumeration method. The study tool is applied to (378) researched persons of health cadres in vaccination centers of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccine in Riyadh City. The study results have revealed that that the level of social problems faced by the health cadres in vaccination centers of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccine according to the weighted arithmetic average value equals (1,79) with a very high degree, and with a standard deviation (0.89);which refers to the agreement of the workers in those centers of their estimation of the existence of those social problems at a very high degree. The most significant of problems are: not feeling comfortable when going home due to their fear of infection transmission to family members, work takes most of their time, in addition to limiting taking part in social duties due to work circumstances. Concerning the level of administrative problems facing health cadres in vaccination centers of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccine, the arithmetic average reaches (2,85) with a moderate degree, and with standard deviation of (1,1);which refers to agreement of the health cadres in those centers in their estimation of the existence degree of those administrative problems with an intermediate degree. The most important of them include: in respect of the planning problems: lack of clarity of work objectives, duplication in providing services, nonexistence of policy and procedure guides for work in vaccination centers of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccine. Concerning the organization problems, the most significant of them are: nonexistence of mission fair distribution, work division in vaccination centers of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccine is not based on specialization basis, and the number of work hours is inappropriate. The most important orientation problems are the lack of clarity of orders and instructions issued in the center, and nonexistence of incentive methods to increase motivation in work. In respect of the control problems, they are represented in nonexistence of control over the work performance in vaccination centers of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccine.

Coping with a pandemic: How faculty members in selected professional disciplines addressed challenges of putting their courses online

This dissertation explored how senior faculty members (tenured associate professors and full professors) who work in Education, Engineering, Architecture & Design, Arts, and Pharmacy academic disciplines at the University of Kansas transitioned from in-person to online when the COVID-19 Pandemic started in March of 2020. This dissertation explores the technical/technological, organizational, and course management-related teaching challenges faced by senior faculty members through the early months of the Pandemic. Considering the role of professional academic disciplines that require hands-on activities and the effects of teaching challenges on online courses, this dissertation revealed faculty perceptions of whether they want to continue teaching fully online courses in the future. The data were gathered through semi-structured interviews in the scope of the qualitative research methodology and analyzed employing coding and thematic analysis. The results indicated that faculty members in professional disciplines were not ready for the rapid transition to online teaching in March 2020 due to insufficient time, lack of professional support, and uncertainty caused by the Pandemic. Faculty members experienced significant teaching challenges in their online courses in the Spring of 2020 and the subsequent semesters, even though they tried to cope with these challenges. The primary course-management challenges included the lack of student engagement, challenges in demonstrating and transferring practical skills to students, the lack of teacher presence and control, and the concerns about student-related unethical behaviors in online assessment sessions. The technical challenges included the inadequate features of LMSs that did not support hands-on activities and inadequate technical infrastructure. The time-consuming structure of online courses created an imbalance between faculty members' professional and daily life routines. The results revealed that some faculty members found online courses useful for increased flexibility and a convenient work environment. Therefore, some faculty members felt optimistic about teaching hybrid courses using some parts of online courses in the future. However, most faculty members in this study believed that fully online courses were inappropriate for their academic disciplines as online settings did not allow them to design, create, and perform hands-on activities effectively. Thus, beliefs about the successful pedagogy central to these professional disciplines shaped faculty members' preferences for returning to in-person. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Knowledge and teaching of human sciences and social sciences in the training of intensive care physicians. ¿Are they necessary today?

The new social dynamics of the 21st century resulting from globalization, ethnic, cultural mixing and now the COVID-19 pandemic require learning and teaching new ways of communicating and behaving with human beings and society. The human and social sciences help in the process of understanding the moral, social and behavioural codes of a population, as well as the human and social aspects of the person;both sciences base their analysis and evaluation on personal, family and social customs. Knowledge and teaching of human and social sciences is achieved through the educational programmes in universities' academic curricula and the skills developed for learning. The purpose of this reflection is to determine the importance of incorporating skills in human and social sciences into the academic curricula of critical medicine and intensive care specialization. Based on the hypothesis that knowledge and teaching of the human and social sciences in the training of intensive care physicians will broaden their personal and social vision, critical thinking and medical understanding in aspects concerning colleagues, patients, families and the plural and diverse society in today's hospitals. © 2022 Asociación Colombiana de Medicina Crítica y Cuidado lntensivo

Touristification, smartization, and social sustainability in European regions

Touristification and smartization processes are commonly associated with economic growth strategies. Here we emphasize and demonstrate the need to consider the implication of these processes on social sustainability. Initial results imply that: (1) regions not specialized in tourism are associated with a lower share of population in poverty;and (2) regions' ‘smartness' level is negatively associated with the share of poverty. However, in regions highly specialized in tourism, smartization demonstrated an opposite association of increased intra-regional poverty. As residents' quality of life is becoming a key policy consideration, understanding the effect of these socio-economic processes on socially sustainable growth has timely implications for regional planning, including for post-COVID-19 recovery strategies.

Evaluating COVID-19's impact on the training of residents at the University of Antioquia from January to June 2020

Objective: To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the aca-demic development of residents in medical and surgical specialties at the University of Antioquia through an online survey. Method(s): Observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study involving a survey distributed to medical residents. Result(s): The survey was completed by 156 residents. They all had electronic devices and the means necessary to carry out virtual activities. Almost half of the participants (47.4%) lived with people who were considered high-risk for COVID-19. Of those surveyed, 30.1% felt discriminated against for being healthcare workers. Even though 81.4% of participants were satisfied with the theoretical training, only 55.1% were satisfied with the practical training. The most detrimental impact was the risk of contracting COVID-19, which was reported by 61% of participants. On average, residents were absent for 31 days. The 52% of residents participated in telehealth activities, and 97.5% participated in virtual activities. Discussion(s): The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the training of residents. This study quantified a decrease of in-person educational activities including practical activities and an increase in virtual methods of education and communication. The pandemic has forced educational ins-titutions to transform the way they teach in order to follow public health measures. Copyright © 2023 Universidad de Antioquia.

University and Industry Collaboration in the Era of Smart Specialisation: Empirical Research on Sustainable Knowledge Transfer

The coronavirus disease-19 pandemic has forced universities worldwide to develop stronger crisis responses in order to support the surrounding communities more effectively. These solutions are based on collaborations between higher education institutions and industries that facilitate knowledge co-creation. Historically, universities have been knowledge-intensive institutions capable of producing additional findings through research. Currently, these organisations' most important contributions to national economies are related to universities' development of fresh knowledge and technical expertise. In parallel, all industries' business environments have become extremely dynamic, which requires companies to focus on new solutions, rapid development and cost efficiency. To cope with these pressures, industries have been forced to search for new partners, so university-industry collaboration (UIC) has become a key resource for managers seeking to promote innovation and technological development. This study explored the relationship between research and innovation based on smart specialisation strategies and UIC, including the roles of university-industry (U-I) joint research and academics' motivations for interacting with industries. Based on data collected from 841 Portuguese and Spanish researchers, the results reveal that smart specialisation policies' effects on UIC are driven by U-I joint research development and university faculty members' motivations for co-operating with industry professionals. The findings indicate that U-I research activities and universities' incentives to collaborate with industries fully convert smart specialisation strategies' effects into higher levels of U-I knowledge transfer. © 2022, Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited. All rights reserved.

Coping with a pandemic: How faculty members in selected professional disciplines addressed challenges of putting their courses online

This dissertation explored how senior faculty members (tenured associate professors and full professors) who work in Education, Engineering, Architecture & Design, Arts, and Pharmacy academic disciplines at the University of Kansas transitioned from in-person to online when the COVID-19 Pandemic started in March of 2020. This dissertation explores the technical/technological, organizational, and course management-related teaching challenges faced by senior faculty members through the early months of the Pandemic. Considering the role of professional academic disciplines that require hands-on activities and the effects of teaching challenges on online courses, this dissertation revealed faculty perceptions of whether they want to continue teaching fully online courses in the future. The data were gathered through semi-structured interviews in the scope of the qualitative research methodology and analyzed employing coding and thematic analysis. The results indicated that faculty members in professional disciplines were not ready for the rapid transition to online teaching in March 2020 due to insufficient time, lack of professional support, and uncertainty caused by the Pandemic. Faculty members experienced significant teaching challenges in their online courses in the Spring of 2020 and the subsequent semesters, even though they tried to cope with these challenges. The primary course-management challenges included the lack of student engagement, challenges in demonstrating and transferring practical skills to students, the lack of teacher presence and control, and the concerns about student-related unethical behaviors in online assessment sessions. The technical challenges included the inadequate features of LMSs that did not support hands-on activities and inadequate technical infrastructure. The time-consuming structure of online courses created an imbalance between faculty members' professional and daily life routines. The results revealed that some faculty members found online courses useful for increased flexibility and a convenient work environment. Therefore, some faculty members felt optimistic about teaching hybrid courses using some parts of online courses in the future. However, most faculty members in this study believed that fully online courses were inappropriate for their academic disciplines as online settings did not allow them to design, create, and perform hands-on activities effectively. Thus, beliefs about the successful pedagogy central to these professional disciplines shaped faculty members' preferences for returning to in-person. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Penglibatan dan Produkviti Buruh Tempatan dalam Industri Kelapa Sawit

Abstrak: Produktiviti merupakan faktor penting untuk memastikan output yang optimum. Dalam industri kelapa sawit, produktiviti buruh memainkan peranan penting untuk memastikan kelestrarian pengeluaran hasil kelapa sawit mencapai sasaran. Sarawak yang merupakan negeri utama penyumbang industri kelapa sawit di Malaysia terpaksa berhadapan dengan masalah kekurangan tenaga buruh yang serius. Pemberhentian buruh asing disebabkan oleh pandermik Covid 19 menjadikan isu buruh di Sarawak lebih parah. Penglibatan buruh tempatan diharapkan dapat menyelesaikan isu pemberhentian buruh asing. Namun begitu, rata-rata orang tem-patan kurang berminat untuk terlibat dalam sektor pertanian kelapa sawit. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membin-cangkan penglibatan buruh tempatan dalam pertanian kelapa sawit dan juga strategi untuk meningkatkan produktiviti buruh tempatan. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kuantitatatif dan persampelan bertujuan dalam pengutipan data. Seramai 56 orang pekebun kecil kelapa sawit (PKS) yang mempunyai buruh tempatan telah dipilih. Hasil kajian menunjukkan, jenis buruh tempatan adalah ahli keluarga, sanak saudara dan buruh kam-pung. Mereka ini dibayar secara kontrak dan juga mengikut bilangan pokok kelapa sawit. Dari segi strategi untuk meningkatkan produkviti buruh, menggunakan pekerja yang berkemahiran, amalan pertanian baik, modal yang mencukupi, kemahiran menguruskan haiwan perosak dan penyakit tanaman, pengkhususan kerja, kerja berkumpulan serta memberikan ganjaran merupakan antara saranan yang dikemukan oleh PKS. Jika masalah ini tidak ditangani ia akan menjejaskan keseluruhan industri kelapa sawit khususnya di Sarawak me-mandangkan negeri ini merupakan antara penyumbang terbesar kelapa sawit negara. Jika kerajaan negeri dan persekutuan tidak dapat menyelesaikan isu kekurangan buruh dalam industri kelapa sawit, ia akan men-jejaskan seluruh industri kelapa sawit Malaysia.Alternate :Productivity is an essential factor in ensuring optimal output. In the oil palm industry, labour productivity is vital in ensuring that oil palm production reaches its target/production. Sarawak, a significant contributor to the oil palm industry in Malaysia, faces a severe labour shortage. The layoffs of foreign labour due to the Covid 19 pandemics made the labour issue in Sarawak even worse. The involvement of local labour is expected to resolve the decrease in foreign labour. However, local people have minimal interest in getting involved in the oil palm agriculture sector. This study aims to examine the involvement of local labour in oil palm and strategies to increase local labour productivity. This study uses quantitative methods and purposive sampling in data collection. A total of 56 oil palm smallholders (PKS) who have local labour were selected. The results showed the type of local labour are family members, relatives, and village labour. They are paid on a contract basis and according to the number of oil palm trees. In terms of strategies to increase labour productivity, employing skilled workers, good agricultural practices, adequate capital, skills in managing pests and crop diseases, job specialization, group work, and rewards are among the recommendations put forward by PKS. If this problem still occurs, it will affect the entire oil palm industry, especially in Sarawak, as the state is one of its most significant contributors to oil palm. If the local and federal governments cannot resolve labour shortage issue in the oil palm industry, it will affect Malaysia's entire oil palm industry.

Exit and transition: Exploring the survival status of Airbnb listings in a time of professionalization

This study analyzes the survival status of shared and non-shared listings in the peer-to-peer accommodation market. Using a large data set from Airbnb in Beijing, we identify 8640 shared listings and 50,741 non-shared listings. We then investigate the exit event and the identity transition event for both types of listings by applying a discrete-time hazard model. Our results suggest that, for the exit event, the two types of listings show significant differences in terms of survival determinants, including response time, tourism specialization, market volume, professionalization, and Covid-19. For the identity transition event, we find that internal flow exists in the market, mainly from shared listings to non-shared listings, and this flow is influenced by certain factors (i.e., capacity, facility, rating, reviews, minimum stay, service quality, tourism specialization, market volume, plat-form professionalization, and Covid-19).